How to Grow Cabbage

Overview

Cabbages are a versatile brassica that, with the right variety selection, can be harvested in every month of the year. From tender spring greens to dense winter drumheads, there is a cabbage for every season and every dish. They are a cornerstone of the traditional allotment garden.

Health Benefits

Vitamin C and K in abundance: Cabbage is a great source of Vitamins C and K, supporting immune function, collagen production, and healthy blood clotting.

Glucosinolates for wellbeing: Like other brassicas, cabbage contains glucosinolates, sulphur-containing compounds that are being studied for their potential health-protective effects.

Gut-friendly when fermented: Cabbage is the base for sauerkraut and kimchi. When fermented, it becomes rich in probiotics that may support a healthy gut microbiome, making it doubly rewarding to grow your own.

Soil Preparation

Cabbages require firm, fertile soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. Lime acidic soils in autumn and dig in plenty of well-rotted compost. The soil should be firmed well before planting to prevent loose root establishment. Cabbages follow legumes well in a crop rotation, benefiting from the nitrogen left in the soil.

Sowing & Planting

Sow spring cabbages in July to August, summer varieties from February to March indoors, and winter types from April to May. Transplant when seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, spacing 45cm apart for hearting varieties or 30cm for spring greens. Water in well and firm the soil around each plant. Net immediately against birds and butterflies.

Care & Maintenance

Water regularly, especially during dry spells, as cabbages need consistent moisture to form solid heads. Feed with a nitrogen-rich fertiliser every few weeks during the growing season. Earth up around the stems for stability. Remove yellow or diseased lower leaves to maintain good air circulation and reduce disease risk.

Harvesting

Cut cabbages when the heads feel firm and solid. Spring cabbages are ready from March to May, summer types from June to August, and winter varieties from October to February. Cut the head cleanly with a sharp knife, leaving a stump which may produce a bonus crop of small secondary heads.

Common Problems

Cabbage white butterfly caterpillars are the most persistent pest. Use fine butterfly netting and inspect plants regularly.

Club root is a soil-borne disease causing swollen, distorted roots. Lime the soil, improve drainage, and rotate crops on at least a three-year cycle.

Cabbage root fly lays eggs at the base of stems; use brassica collars around transplants to prevent larvae from reaching the roots.

Companion Planting

Cabbages benefit from being planted near celery, onions, and dill, which can deter pests with their strong scents. Avoid planting near strawberries and tomatoes, which are poor companions for brassicas.