How to Grow Cucumbers

Overview

Cucumbers are a refreshing summer crop that can be grown in greenhouses for earlier harvests or outdoors in sheltered spots. Indoor varieties produce longer, smooth-skinned fruit, while outdoor (ridge) types are hardier and produce shorter, knobbly cucumbers. Both types crop heavily with the right care.

Health Benefits

Naturally hydrating: Cucumbers are around 95% water, making them one of the most hydrating vegetables you can grow and enjoy on warm summer days.

Good source of Vitamin K: Supports healthy blood clotting and bone metabolism, with a single cucumber providing a useful contribution to daily needs.

Antioxidants for skin health: Cucumbers contain antioxidants including beta-carotene and flavonoids, which may help promote healthy, glowing skin.

Soil Preparation

Cucumbers need rich, moisture-retentive soil with good drainage. Dig in generous amounts of well-rotted compost or manure before planting. They prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. For greenhouse growing, use growbags or large pots filled with quality compost.

Sowing & Planting

Sow seeds on their side in 9cm pots from March to April at 20-25°C. Germination takes 5-7 days. Plant greenhouse varieties into their final positions in late April to May. For outdoor ridge cucumbers, harden off and plant out after the last frost in early June, spacing 60cm apart.

Care & Maintenance

Water frequently to keep the soil consistently moist, as cucumbers are thirsty plants. Feed weekly with a balanced liquid fertiliser once fruit starts to form. Train greenhouse cucumbers up vertical supports, removing side shoots beyond two leaves. Outdoor types can be left to trail along the ground.

Harvesting

Cut cucumbers when they reach a good size, typically 15-20cm for outdoor types and 30cm for greenhouse varieties. Harvest regularly from July to September to encourage continued cropping. Do not let fruit turn yellow on the vine.

Common Problems

Powdery mildew appears as white patches on leaves in dry conditions. Water at the base and ensure good ventilation.

Cucumber mosaic virus causes mottled, distorted leaves and stunted growth. Remove and destroy affected plants promptly.

Red spider mite can be problematic in greenhouses. Maintain humidity by damping down paths and staging.

Companion Planting

Cucumbers thrive alongside beans, peas, and sunflowers, which provide natural shade and support. Avoid planting near potatoes and sage, which can attract shared pests.